The Cairn Terrier has its origins in Scotland and is considered among the oldest terrier breeds. These are working dogs and are good hunters; also, they are used for catching prey that hides in small places (they dig after it). They have very well developed senses and can catch about anything, including rats, thus being able to easily take on the job of a cat as well.
These dogs are small-sized, having a well proportioned body nonetheless. The nose is black, while the eyes are deep and set wide apart. The ears are small and pointed, and the tail is either small or of a medium size and held upward. A distinctive characteristic of this breed is the fact that the coats color changes several times during its lifetime.
With a shaggy, weather-resistant coat (that has a double layer a harsh outer one and a soft undercoat), Cairn Terrier dogs can come in different colors (blackish, red, sand, brindle, grey and so on) and may have markings of darker shades on some parts of the body (ears, tip of tail, muzzle). Since it is long and shaggy, the coat will need proper maintenance, with careful brushing sessions a few times a week, bathing about once a month (or, only if necessary, more often) and trimming especially on the face, around the ears and eyes. Also, make sure to clip the nails in a regular manner. The breed does not shed very much, so this will not become a problem.
As to what health is concerned, these dogs are generally healthy; some issues may appear, such as flea allergies or weight problems, so be careful not to feed them too much, because they tend to gain weight easily and may become fatties (which is not good for their health). With a life span of 12-15 years, a Cairn Terrier will be around 23-33 centimeters tall and will weigh between 6-8 kilograms (depending on the gender).
These dogs are very energetic little things and love to do all kinds of activities. They are cheerful and curious, are loyal and friendly and love to play with children (which makes them great family pets). They are very independent, so it is possible that they might be stubborn at times, but, with proper training and guidance from their owners (who should never let them forget who the leader is), they will become obedient and docile. If not trained properly and from an early age, they may develop behavior issues, such as growling, barking and snapping and can become destructive.
Since it is a hunting dog by nature, this breed needs a lot of exercise, so it will love to have its own yard if available. Still, because it is small and very active indoors, a Cairn Terrier can adapt to apartment conditions as well, as long as the owner exercises it properly. It will need daily walks, running, playing (as much as possible) and any kind of activity that will require physical effort if not provided with an appropriate exercise program, it may develop behavior issues.
It is small but very agile, playful but with great instincts, independent but loving, it is all you ever hoped it would be the Cairn Terrier will be your loyal companion, your familys cute and loving little toy and your childrens best friend.
